Till now we have been talking software quality in general. Stop caring about productivity and dedicate yourself to improving your quality. Improving aspects of quality touches and loosens all of those constraints. A set of factors that are likely to make the most significant contributions to quality and productivity improvement are identified and discussed. The best metrics for measuring software development productivity and efficiency are committodeploy time cdt. Pdf factors influencing software development productivity state. Great companies obsess over productivity, not efficiency. Some of the factors found to have an impact on cost are already included in estimation models such as cocomo ii, teamate, and seersem, for instance function points and software platform. First, we look to identify which factors of their jobs make software engineers feel more satis. Quality and productivity oriented software engineering 2. Pdf software quality factors and software quality metrics. Quality and productivity factors during software development. While it may cost you more right now to hire a developer to create the program, you should consider it an. Quality and productivity factors in software engineering.
While these processes are similar to those used by hardware engineers, the software industry has earned a. If you are working with software that constantly has glitches or stops working, requiring your employees to restart the system several times a day, the loss of productivity adds up. The classic model of software quality factors, suggested by mccall, consists of 11 factors mccall et al. Conclusion there should be no conflict between software quality and productivity, ce. Capers jones 28 provides the next study in his book on programming productivity. Several models of software quality factors and their categorization have been suggested over the years.
Apr 24, 2018 the biggest factor is the experience and expertise of the developers working on the software. Software quality metrics are a subset of software metrics that focus on the quality aspects of the product, process, and project. It is an essential read for software quality professionals who wish to better understand the challenges they face and the cost and effectiveness of potential solutions. A number of factors are given below which gives the effects on quality and production capacity. Various factors like technology, plant layouts, equipment, and machinery affect productivity.
Historically software quality metrics have been the measurement of exactly their oppositethat is, the frequency of software defects or bugs. What are the factors in which software quality depends. Each level of management makes different decisions about. Software quality and productivity improvement springerlink. Software quality assurance is a formal process for evaluating and documenting the quality of the work products during each stage of the software development lifecycle. Pdf influence of human factors in software quality and. Similarly, models consisting of 12 to 15 factors, were suggested by deutsch and willis 1988 and by evans and marciniak 1987. Management skill for the better management of any projects experts needed at every level. The objective of measuring the software quality is to use the received results for planning the budget and schedule, estimating costs, testing and qa, debugging, etc. Factors like time, scope, location, etc are some of these things to consider.
Top, mid and lowlevel managers play a significant role in how productivity and quality affects profitability in an organization. In the context of software engineering, software quality refers to two related but distinct notions. Software engineering management for productivity and quality. Pdf influence of human factors in software quality and productivity. In the following sections of this paper existing studies on influence of. Another cost is the cost of not having qualityof losing customers and wasting resources. The productivity measure has become a tool for managers since it is used to compare the performance between different companies benchmarking and to compare the efficiency of different developers in the same company. Productivity, quality, profitability and the role of. These are more closely associated with process and product metrics than with project metrics. Some factors that influence quality and productivity are. Six important factors to consider behind software development.
Influence of human factors in software quality and productivity. Such an approach needs to place a balanced emphasis on both software products and software development processes. Note that there are various methods to measure software size. Jones does an effective job at describing some of the problems and paradoxes that plague most software productivity and quality measures based upon his previous studies 27. Productivity traditionally refers to the ratio between the quantity of software produced and the cost spent for it. Quality of software may be defined as the need of function and efficiency. There are many factors that influence this decision, including development, build and testing. However, in an activity like software development so intensive in workforce and so dependent on professionals performance, it is strange that human and social factors affecting development teams have been attracted little attention. Standard of development also described explicitly and expected or proposed benefit from the software that became developed. This is the time it takes for the code to go from committing to deploy. During the past five years, this program has led to significant increases in measured software quality and productivity at csc.
A landmark in this movement towards making the software development process more visible was the advocacy by the american software guru. Another cost is the cost of not having quality of losing customers and wasting resources. Quality and productivity factors linkedin slideshare. Software quality factors and software quality metrics to enhance software quality assurance data pdf available in current journal of applied science and technology 421 june 2014 with 4,892. A software quality factor is a nonfunctional requirement for a software program which is not called up by the customers contract, but nevertheless is a desirable requirement which enhances the quality of the software program.
An aggregated measure of software quality can be computed through a qualitative or a quantitative scoring scheme or a mix of both and then a. White, jefferson lab, newport news, va, usa abstract since the advent of electronic computers, people have struggled to develop effective software engineering processes. Software quality measurement quantifies to what extent a software program or system rates along each of these five dimensions. Using technology to maximize your business productivity creates the platform to realize true business success. Its quality and productivity depends on the processes which develop and maintain those software products. Productivity for software estimators presently, software estimation is considered to be an art rather than a science. Software quality and productivity improvement we will seek to explain why these factors are the most important and identify bow they can contribute to software product quality and productivity improvement. Every software is a bit different and developers have to do slightly different things to ensure quality. This measurement takes into consideration the input and the output involved in the production process. This ifip proceedings brings together the work of leading researchers and practitioners who are concerned with the efficient production of quality software. Top 10 productivity metrics for software development infopulse.
Efficient measuring and testing of your software for quality is the only way to maximize the chances of releasing highquality software in todays fastpaced development environments. Quality and productivityoriented software engineering 2. Improving software quality and productivity sciencedirect. Here are 6 important factors to consider behind software development cost. Or, if the tool saves a certain employee 5 hours a week, figure out how. Software engineering bca notes for semester iii tips to download notes on software engineering i suggest you to visit bca notes official blog web software engineeringi software engin. Success may be defined as a measurement of productivity. We need to know various quality factors upon which quality of a software produced is evaluated.
As the world becomes increasingly dependent on the use of computers, the need for quality software which can be produced at reasonable cost increases. Jun 11, 2018 software engineering software quality. The practice of applying software metrics to operational factors and to maintain factors is a complex task. Problem domain in broadening the focus of software engineering to concentrate on quality and productivity improvement 1 a number of key problems need to be addressed. Using technology to increase your business productivity. In between, it could go through testing, qa, and staging, depending on your organization. For example, if your office productivity software automates a process that used to be managed full time by an employee, youre essentially saving that persons annual salary. While the cost of software development may seem high, often the cost of not having the right program in place are higher.
Moreover, the impact of these factors on software productivity may be different according to the context and characteristics of the team, the developer, the project and the entire organization 4. In addition, the many factors that cause these measures to vary must also be identi. Traditionally more effort has been devoted to technical and process aspects of software quality and productivity. Define the meaning of software quality and detail the factors which affects the quality not productivity of a software product. To improve productivity, evaluate and improve systems and build employee skills. Mar 11, 2019 factors affecting productivity include employee morale and training, adequacy of equipment and viability of systems. Abstract the software productivity is an important key of software quality factors. The totality of functionality and features of a software product that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. Chapter 3 productivity improvement techniques and its relationship with work study sr. Productivity, quality, profitability and the role of managers. How to calculate workplace productivity smartsheet. There are 2 types of productivity and it is constrained by a knowable set of factors. Productivity is the rate of achievement for a microactivity of human endeavor. Factors influencing industrial productivity six factors.
Oct 28, 2019 quality and productivity factors development and maintenance of software products are complex tasks. However, in an activity like software development so intensive in workforce and so. The various factors, which influence the software, are termed as software factors. The inference was, of course, that quality in software was the absence of bugs. In keeping with our definition of software productivity as the ratio between the functional value of software produced to the labor and expense of producing it, our next step is to determine ways to improve software productivity. Commodity quality variances create variances in productivity.
Get case studies and other software to use in your evaluation, related to quality and productivity factors in software engineering. There are three approaches for improving software quality and productivity. Dec 10, 2014 quality and productivity factors during software development some factors that effects the quality and productivity are. The level of software quality attainable is a reflection of an organizational business decision. We will also discuss what can be done to exploit these product quality drivers. When it comes to strategy, however, efficiency and productivity are very different. Some factors that effects the quality and productivity are. As long as companies continually interact with their customers and various partners, and develop learning relationships between all levels of management and employees, the levels of productivity and quality should remain high. Lect 3 quality and productivity factors reliability. Software quality metrics can be further divided into three categories product quality metrics. Simply put, a software metric is a measure that allows getting a quantitative value of software features or specifications.
So, its productivity and quality needs ability and effort. Quality and productivity factors development and maintenance of software products are complex tasks. However, productivity is only 1 aspect of software development. Business leaders often think of efficiency and productivity as synonyms, two sides of the same coin.
The ultimate goal of tracking and leveraging software metrics is increasing productivity in software development. Pdf traditionally more effort has been devoted to technical and process aspects of software quality and productivity. A discussion addressing how the productivity factors relate to cost estimation models and their factors is presented. Productivity is a tool of measurement that determines the efficiency of the organization in terms of the ratio of output produced with respect to inputs used.
Industry software cost, quality and productivity benchmarks. Lect 3 quality and productivity factors reliability engineering. Business productivity software ensures organizations have the tools to overcome the challenges of executing on strategy every day and prospering in todays economic times. Identifying factors affecting software development cost and.
The economics of software quality is a comprehensive, datarich study of challenges of quality software across the many application domains. Team productivity has been reported to vary by as much as a factor of five. What software quality really is and the metrics you can use. Although its earliest measurement was in lines of code per manhours worked, a better definition is the ratio between the functional value of software produced to the labor and expense of producing it.
Focusing on quality gives you time to be more productive. As with any definition, the definition of software quality is also varied and debatable. Increased productivity makes your business more efficient by lowering labor costs. Below are some examples of test metrics and methods for measuring the important aspects of software quality. Managers use these productivity measurements so they can determine which departments, plants or workers are most efficient and how to maximize usage of the companys. Top 10 productivity metrics for software development.
Individual ability software engineering is labor intensive. Software productivity is a deceptively simple concept, but a matter of some debate. Software quality and productivity is there a choice. Software productivity can be defined as the ratio between the functional values of software produced to the efforts and expense required for development. We need to develop a much more mature understanding of what constitutes quality software. An aggregated measure of software quality can be computed through a qualitative or a quantitative scoring scheme or a mix of both and then a weighting system reflecting the priorities. Although software quality includes safety, reliability, maintainability and conformabiity to requirements, these characteristics are difficult to measure directly. Productivity simply refers to the measurement of how efficient a companys production process is. Flexibility is the ability of software to addmodifyremove functionality without damaging the current system. Quality and productivity factors during software development some factors that effects the quality and productivity are.
Individual productivity has been reported to vary by up to a factor of ten between programmers with similar experience levels. Identifying factors affecting software development cost. Influence of human factors in software quality and. A number of factors are given below which gives the effects on quality and. Programming productivity also called software productivity or development productivity describes the degree of the ability of individual programmers or development teams to build and evolve software systems. More mature software development organizations use tools, such as defect leakage matrices for counting the numbers of defects that pass through development phases prior to detection and control charts, to measure and improve development process capability. The biggest factor is the experience and expertise of the developers working on the software. Factors affecting productivity include employee morale and training, adequacy of equipment and viability of systems.
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